A study practice in which the student attempts to explicate a topic through a boxes-and-arrows type diagram which captures both key terms/processes as well as their relationships.
O’Day, G. M., & Karpicke, J. D. (2021). Comparing and combining retrieval practice and concept mapping. Journal of Educational Psychology, 113, 986–997. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000486
“combining concept mapping and retrieval practice failed to produce any benefit over retrieval practice without concept mapping, even though students in the combined condition spent substantially more time engaged with the materials than did students in single-activity conditions”