Q. What’s a “schema” in the context of memory?
A. A mental model of how the world works
{Cryptoamnesia}: {unconscious plagiarism of the work of others}
{Misinformation effect}: misleading information presented {after a person witnesses an event} can {change how the person remembers the event} (Loftus and Palmer, 1974; Loftus, 1993)
Q. How did Loftus and Palmer (1974) demonstrate the misinformation effect?
A. Showed people a car crash; asking about car speed using leading words (“smashed”) produced higher estimates and false memory of broken glass
Q. How did Wade et al (2002) create false memories with a photo?
A. Showed undergrads a photo of themselves on a hot air balloon, got many to produce vivid recollections of that day.
Loftus, E. F., & Palmer, J. C. (1974). Reconstruction of automobile destruction: An example of the interaction between language and memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 13(5), 585–589.