Approaches for visualizing navigation and history

Related: Approaches for visualizing large graphs
Tension with Interaction is a cost center in interface design

A Spacial Model for Lossless Web Navigation suggests using horizontal navigation for history and vertical navigation for switching to a different “trail.”

Hightower, R. R., Ring, L. T., Helfman, J. I., Bederson, B. B., & Hollan, J. D. (1998). Graphical multiscale Web histories: A study of padprints. Proceedings of the Ninth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia, 58–65.

A similar approach, using a more formal tree structure.