Head, A., Lo, K., Kang, D., Fok, R., Skjonsberg, S., Weld, D. S., & Hearst, M. A. (2021). Augmenting Scientific Papers with Just-in-Time, Position-Sensitive Definitions of Terms and Symbols. Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1–18

https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445648

Introduces ScholarPhi, an Augmented reading which adds interactions for understanding the meaning of special symbols/terms (“nonce words”) and acronyms local to a specific paper. Some details:

• tooltips which provide definitions and links to their sources
• a list of usages of a given symbol, to help infer its meaning from example
• when a nonce word is selected, fade everything but segments which reference it (“decluttering”)
• “exploded” equation diagrams, showing all the components
• a generated glossary of important terms and symbols

See also Head, A., Xie, A., & Hearst, M. A. (2022). Math Augmentation: How Authors Enhance the Readability of Formulas using Novel Visual Design Practices. CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1–18.