Retrieval practice and transfer learning

Reading comprehension

The mnemonic medium may push readers to read more slowly and attentively

Adjunct questions improve comprehension of related but untested content

Pre-testing effect

Cerdán, R., Vidal-Abarca, E., Martinez, T., Gilabert, R., & Gil, L. (2009). Impact of question-answering tasks on search processes and reading comprehension. Learning and Instruction, 19(1), 13–27

Reading comprehension questions are unpleasant

Interleaved mnemonic medium prompts uncover reading comprehension lapses, sometimes unpleasantly

Pressley, M., Ghatala, E. S., Woloshyn, V., & Pirie, J. (1990). Sometimes Adults Miss the Main Ideas and Do Not Realize It: Confidence in Responses to Short-Answer and Multiple-Choice Comprehension Questions. Reading Research Quarterly, 25(3), 232

Roelle, J., & Berthold, K. (2017). Effects of incorporating retrieval into learning tasks: The complexity of the tasks matters. Learning and Instruction, 49, 142–156

# Adjunct questions

Questions inserted into a reading experience. These may be presented either before or after the content being tested. When placed after, these produce the [[zTpJdbe6ub7uhBFLuHkFsrT:::Testing effect]] on the specific information being tested, as one would expect. But they also produce a more general effect: [[z4m9Gat7zi9YUmZzQRR7pwt:::Adjunct questions improve comprehension of related but untested content]]. And there appear to be a [[zCaVdAEo3YDwAbuxLeW9JZ7:::Pre-testing effect]].

Related:

*   [[zTzb8spnoqzxs3mkvPKprmn:::Mnemonic medium prompts are interleaved into the reading experience]]

## References

*   Reviews
    *   [[zWQxgb82VhMqsuL71KGWHpW:::Anderson, R. C., & Biddle, W. B. (1975). On Asking People Questions about What They are Reading. In Psychology of Learning and Motivation (Vol. 9, pp. 89–132). Elsevier]]
    *   Hamaker, C. (1986). The Effects of Adjunct Questions on Prose Learning. Review of Educational Research, 56(2), 212–242. <https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543056002212>
*   [[zFNGutyLW3Eh22nAF7GhA8C:::Rothkopf, E. Z. (1966). Learning from Written Instructive Materials: An Exploration of the Control of Inspection Behavior by Test-Like Events. American Educational Research Journal, 3(4), 241–249]].
*   [[zV5b7Nezzjhy4pgRaGoDL7K:::Cerdán, R., Vidal-Abarca, E., Martinez, T., Gilabert, R., & Gil, L. (2009). Impact of question-answering tasks on search processes and reading comprehension. Learning and Instruction, 19(1), 13–27]]
*   Less directly related: [[zd89Hw68oNc31Frr1EVr7f:::Ausubel, D. P. (1960). The use of advance organizers in the learning and retention of meaningful verbal material. Journal of Educational Psychology, 51(5), 267–272]]








Adjunct questions