Testing effect

When you test your memory of a detail, that strengthens your memory of the detail.

Experiment has demonstrated this effect even when the correct answer is not provided, and even when the test-taker is given “open-book” access to find a correct answer. The effect has been demonstrated in many fields and at many age levels.

Essentially the same as the “generation effect.”

::quickly written to reference from other notes, without looking up references or filling in details::

see also Desirable difficulties, after Bjork

References

For a review of the literature, see:
Branwen, G. (2009). Spaced Repetition for Efficient Learning. Retrieved December 16, 2019, from https://www.gwern.net/Spaced-repetition

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Backlinks

• Spaced repetition memory system
  • A spaced-repetition memory system combines the Testing effect and the Spacing effect to enable efficient memorization of many thousands of facts (Spaced repetition memory systems are extremely efficient). Some people also use them for a broader set of tasks (see below). Spaced repetition memory systems make memory a choice, but they’re not just for rote facts: Spaced repetition memory systems can be used to develop conceptual understanding.
• Nate Kornell
  • Professor of cognitive psychology at Williams College. A student of Robert A. Bjork. Lots of research around Spacing effect and Testing effect.
• Spaced repetition memory prompts should ensure reviewers must retrieve answers from memory
  • A Spaced repetition memory system depends on the Testing effect: you’ll remember something longer if you have to actually retrieve it from memory than if you’re simply re-exposed to it. So when writing prompts, make sure that the prompt requires the reader to actually retrieve the memory you want to reinforce.
• §Taking knowledge work seriously (Stripe convergence talk, 2019-12-12)
  • Testing effect
• 2019-12-16
  • 8:42: wrote Spaced repetition memory systems make memory a choice and Testing effect
• Preparing for FOO Camp talk 2020
  • Testing effect
• [[Rohrer, D., Dedrick, R. F., Hartwig, M. K., & Cheung, C.-N. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of interleaved mathematics practice. Journal of Educational Psychology, 112(1), 40–52.

https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000367]]
* Interleaved practice creates a natural context for the Spacing effect and Testing effect: